How to Spot Scams & Avoid Gullibility in a Post-Truth World
Learn why people fall for scams, how repetition makes lies seem true, and science-backed ways to improve critical thinking in the digital age.

How to Spot Scams and Avoid Gullibility in a Post-Truth World
The Rising Threat of Tech Support Scams and Online Fraud
Tech support scams like "Spy Wiper" warnings prey on victims by:
- Claiming to detect nonexistent malware
- Requesting remote computer access
- Charging hundreds for fake services
- Stealing personal/financial data
Shocking statistics:
- Microsoft estimates tech scams generate $1.5 billion annually
- Facebook romance scams cost victims $362 million in 2018 alone
- Even educated individuals lose tens of thousands to sophisticated fraud
Why Our Brains Believe False Information
The Psychology of Truth Assessment
Cognitive psychologists study how people determine truth in our "post-truth" era where:
- Emotions often override facts
- Tribal allegiances shape beliefs
- Repeated falsehoods gain credibility
3 Key Factors That Increase Gullibility
The Repetition Effect
- Hearing claims multiple times makes them seem truer
- Studies show truth ratings jump from 50% to 70% after repetition
- Works even when source credibility is questionable
Cognitive Fluency
- Easily processed information feels more truthful
- Example: Times Roman font statements seem truer than hard-to-read fonts
Emotional State Influence
- Positive moods increase credulity
- Negative emotions trigger more critical thinking
- Scams often target emotional needs (safety, love, belonging)
How to Protect Yourself From Modern Scams
Critical Thinking Strategies That Work
- Question emotional motivations: Does believing this meet a psychological need?
- Check source reliability: Is this from a verified expert or institution?
- Beware repetition: Just because you've heard it often doesn't make it true
- Monitor your mood: Be extra cautious when feeling exceptionally happy/optimistic
Practical Anti-Scam Tips
- Never grant remote access to unsolicited callers
- Verify tech support claims through official company channels
- Research romance contacts through reverse image searches
- Consult multiple credible sources before accepting claims
The Science Behind Critical Thinking
Why Our Brains Default to Gullibility
Evolutionary psychology explains:
- Learning from others was historically advantageous
- Quick judgments helped survival
- Modern information overload exploits these ancient mechanisms
Building Better Truth Filters
- Recognize your cognitive biases
- Slow down emotional responses
- Seek contradictory evidence
- Develop "source literacy" skills
By understanding these psychological principles, we can better navigate our complex information landscape and avoid costly scams.